Pacific Northwest Kendo History

Kendo has been practiced in the Pacific Northwest for more than a hundred years; longer than any other martial art.

General History of Kendo

Modern Kendo bears but faint resemblance to Kenjutsu (the traditional art of swordsmanship) and to its feudal origins of sword wielding samurai warriors which are today depicted in movies and television. Kendo, literally translated, “the way of the sword,” cannot be traced to a single founder or given an exact founding date. The story of the rise of modern Kendo begins with the samurai and extends over the culture of several centuries.

After World War II, because of its nationalistic and militaristic associations, Kendo was outlawed and the Butokukai was disbanded. By 1952, however, supporters of Kendo successfully reintroduced a “pure sport” form of Kendo, called Shinai Kyogi which excluded the militaristic attitudes and some of the rougher aspects of practice characteristic of pre-war Kendo, into the public schools. Today, Kendo continues to grow under the auspices of the All Japan Kendo Federation, the International Kendo Federation, and federations all over the world.

Although the outward appearance and some of the ideals have changed with the changing needs of the people, Kendo continues to build character, self-discipline and respect. Despite a sport-like atmosphere, Kendo remains steeped in tradition which must never be forgotten. For therein lies the strength of Kendo which has carried it throughout history and will carry it far into the future.

The next great advance in the martial arts occurred during the late Muromachi period (1336-1568) often called the “age of Warring Provinces” because of the many internal conflicts. This period brought an increased demand and respect for men trained in the martial arts. Consequently, many schools of Kenjutsu arose, eventually numbering about 200. Each was taught by a famous swordsman whose techniques earned him honor in battle. Real blades or hardwood swords without protective equipment were used in training, resulting in many injuries. These schools continued to flourish through the Tokugawa period (1600-1868), with the Ittoryu or “one sword school,” having the greatest influence on modern Kendo.

Kendo began to take its modern appearance during the late 18th century with the introduction of protective equipment: the men, kote and do, and the use of the bamboo sword, the shinai. The use of the shinai and protective armor made possible the full delivery of blows without injury. This forced the establishment of new regulations and practice formats which set the foundation of modern Kendo.

By the end of the 12th century, the authority of the Japanese central government had declined. Bands of warriors grouped together for protection, forming local aristocracies. Feudalism had come of age, and was to dominate Japan for several centuries. With the establishment of the Shogun in Kamakura and military rule controlling Japan, a new military class and their lifestyle called Bushido, “the way of the warrior,” gained prominence. Bushido stressed the virtues of bravery, loyalty, honor, self-discipline and stoical acceptance of death. Certainly, the influence of Bushido extends to modern Japanese society and Kendo was also to be greatly influenced by this thinking.

The Japanese warrior had no contempt for learning or the arts. Although Kenjutsu, “the art of swordsmanship,” had been recorded since the 8th century, it gained new prominence and took on religious and cultural aspects as well. Sword making became a revered art. Zen and other sects of Buddhism developed and the samurai often devoted time to fine calligraphy or poetry.

With the Meiji Restoration (1868) and Japan’s entry into the modern world, Kendo suffered a great decline. The Samurai class was abolished and the wearing of swords in public outlawed. This decline was only temporary, however. Interest in Kendo was revived first in 1887 when uprisings against the government showed the need for the training of police officers. Later, the Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) again encouraged and awareness of the martial spirit.

In 1895, consequently, the Butokukai, an organization devoted to the martial arts, was established. In 1911, Kendo was officially introduced into the physical education curriculum of middle schools and in 1912, the Nihon Kendo Kata, a set of regulations for Kendo, was published. In 1939, as Japan prepared for war, Kendo became a required course for all boys.